The Salem Witch Trials, the Crucible, and McCarthyism :: Arthur Miller McCarthyism

The Salem Witch Trials, the Crucible, and McCarthyism Authentic Overview and Brief Analysis In the midst of millenniums of discussion, contention, and struggle concerning racial prejudges and those issues which encompass their execution, there has reliably existed a specific verifiable partiality with respect to different cliché thoughts for those things which individuals can't comprehend or clarify sensibly. While increasingly contemporary instances of such conditions incorporate ideas, for example, McCarthyism, it is commonly acknowledged that the most exemplary case of all such social catastrophes dependent on dread and numbness is that of the pilgrim time's Salem Witch Trials. While McCarthyism was represented as a boundless dread of socialism that drove the United States to seek after pointless examinations, detainments, and frequently unjustifiable acts against the individuals who were regularly just remotely blamed for being a feared socialist, the Salem witch preliminaries prompted well over twelve executions of neighborhood ladies blamed for rehearsing black magic and straightforwardly connecting themselves with malicious enchantment. Despite the fact that the two authentic periods were equal in their inclination and substance, it tends to be contended the a lot before witch preliminaries were the more seriously heartless and nonsensical as they rendered a consistent pattern of silly passings with practically no equity ever common. The Salem witch preliminaries were held during the year 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts Bay Colony. Starting in May of that year, the procedures prompted the balancing passings of nineteen associated witches and the detainment with numerous others over the five months that would follow. The court scenes of those being pursued for witchery were finished, and articulate tragedies of equity. Ladies were really thought about liable as denounced until demonstrated honest. Notwithstanding the known hangings, other pitiless types of discipline, for example, the copying of witches on a stake and the moderate unbearable human crushings by block are confirm to have existed as Salem's equity for their supposed witches. (Earthy colored., Pages 37-41;43). That which is said to have started the preliminaries and related agitation has become a chronicled incongruity presently and is the subject of numerous contemporary jokes and dramatic exhibitions. Brought about by the allegations of a couple of little youngsters against ladies in the Salem people group; an exceptional court was gathered; and preliminaries developed rapidly into socially cliché preferences with respect to any ladies seen carrying on of or performing witchery. Inside time the social confusion didn't prohibit Salem's progressively esteemed ladies as the neighborhood governors spouse was even embroiled in allegations of black magic.

Somewhere Under my Rainbow :: essays papers

Some place Under my Rainbow At the point when you are nearly nothing, the entire world feels like a major play area. Your fantasies are large and your expectations are in every case high. At the point when you are close to nothing, your greatest concern is who will get the large swing at break. As a kid I had an exceptionally striking creative mind what's more, a closest companion whose creative mind was much livelier than mine. I was living in Conyers, Georgia the late spring everything occurred. I was a second grader, yet my closest companion Stephanie was distinctly in the main evaluation. Both of our guardians were grinding away and had left my more seasoned sister, Kim, responsible for us. She was sixteen years of age with a haughty disposition. More often than not she let us go our own way, while she chatted on the telephone and prepped herself. Today was the same than whatever other day that she had kept us. We left the house around 3:00pm and hadn’t been back since. Sweat poured down our temples as we sat on Stephanie’s front grass. Stephanie was a plain young lady with long tacky fair hair, the shade of nectar mustard and earthy colored eyes whom blurred into the sun. Despite the fact that her looks didn’t show it, she had a flash about her. She had a flash that most children, at seven years old, didn’t have. â€Å"So , what would we be able to do? It’s hot however neither of us have a pool. There isn’t a child inside three squares of here, and I’m bored!† she shouted, with am unsettled view her face. â€Å"I don’t know, however it sure is hot. Hello! Let’s go in your cellar and see what’s in there. I guarantee to go first!† I advised her. On the off chance that there were anything on earth Stephanie dreaded more than heck, it was her storm cellar. She had dreaded it since she was tall enough to see down the dim furthermore, void flight of stairs. She had never been down there, however the idea of it’s substance drove her wild. â€Å"Okay however just on my standing. Above all else, you go first. What's more, we are just going for a moment. Goodness, and one more thing, in the event that I get frightened, I’m returning up. Okay?† she let me know. I consented to her terms and we headed into her home.

Ethics and Professional Practice for Ethical Dilemma-myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theEthics and Professional Practice for Ethical Dilemma. Answer: Moral Dilemma Surrounding Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) is alluded to a system of physical vehicles, home machines and gadgets and different articles which are implanted with programming, sensors, availability, actuators and hardware which permit these things to associate with one another and trade information (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic Palaniswami, 2013). With the fame of keen gadgets and expanded accessibility of fast web, countless innovation organizations began presenting diverse IoT gadgets in the market. It is a genuinely new industry, and every assembling racing to get the top spot in the business because of which market is overflowed with countless IoT gadgets which perform various activities, for example, home security, computerized tasks, and others (Lee, 2015). In any case, alongside the notoriety of IoT gadgets, the dangers related with the innovation have expanded also. Because of overwhelming rivalry, innovation associations are organizing presentation of new items which bring about trading off the s ecurity of these gadgets. This paper will concentrate on examining the moral quandary encompassing IoT innovation by breaking down the article posted by The Atlantic titled The Internet of Things Needs a Code of Ethics (Waddell, 2017). Further, this paper will give proposals to tending to the moral issues identifying with IoT innovation. In past scarcely any years, computerized advances are turning out to be increasingly more pervasive which advances the development of IoT innovation. Be that as it may, it likewise brings about expanding issues identifying with IoT innovation also. A genuine model is malware called Mirai which assaulted made sure about webcams and DVRs so as to upset web access in October 2016 (Kolias, Kambourakis, Stavrou Voas, 2017). It shows that cybercriminals can hack IoT gadgets, and they can exploit them. Francine Berman, a software engineering educator at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, gave that along the fame of IoT innovation, the moral issues identifying with a similar will increment too (Waddell, 2017). The key moral issue with IoT innovation is security and protection worry of clients. There is absence of lawful and moral system in IoT industry which expands the worries of governments, associations and the overall population. For instance, it is hard to survey who can be considered mi ndful on account of Mirai malware assault. According to Berman, there is a common obligation between the administration, trend-setters, organizations and people, and they should attempt to use and make a structure for allotting responsibility and duty so as to advance IoT innovation for open great (Waddell, 2017). IoT gadgets depend on a web association with work appropriately, and distinctive IoT gadgets interface with one another to convey and share the clients information. It implies that cybercriminals can target one IoT gadget and through which they can gather information from other IoT gadgets also (Graham Haarstad, 2014). It implies that absence of security in one IoT gadget can bring about trading off the security of other IoT gadgets which are fabricated by different partnerships. Berman expressed this is a beginning stage and individuals, associations and the administration ought to gain from encounters of this stage to improve items later on. As per Utilitarianism morals hypothesis, a set in stone of a circumstance is controlled by its outcomes as opposed to activities (Caron, Bosua, Maynard Ahmad, 2016). In view of the standards of this hypothesis, individuals ought not judge IoT innovation dependent on its moral issues. This innovation can possibly totally change people groups liv es later on, to improve things. Hence, associations and the administration ought to advance the improvement of IoT innovation. Notwithstanding, protection and security of every individual are urgent, in this manner, innovation organizations ought to organize the security of individuals which making IoT gadgets. Decisively, partnerships ought to guarantee that these gadgets are made sure about from hacking and digital assaults, and they should concentrate on improving the security in gadgets instead of concentrating on expanding the deals of the gadgets. Investigate of Australian Computer Society Code of Ethics The Australian Computer Society (ACS) is alluded to a relationship of in excess of 26 thousand experts from data and correspondence innovation (ICT) field. As per the constitution of ACS, its goal is to propel the greatness in IT field and advance the improvement of Australian ICT assets. It was established in 1966, and it basically works in Australia (Burmeister, 2013). The ACS has given a Code of Ethics which is a piece of its constitution. All the individuals from ACS are required to maintain and respect their calling by being a productive member of society and holding fast to social qualities. The ACS code of morals gives six standards which are important to be followed by its individuals that incorporate the power of the open intrigue, the upgrade of personal satisfaction, trustworthiness, ability, proficient turn of events and demonstrable skill (ACS, 2018). The ACS code of morals centers around guaranteeing that ICT experts are carrying out their responsibilities moral and exp ert so as to make sure about open intrigue (Clarke, 2016). Notwithstanding, numerous specialists contend that the ACS code of morals isn't sufficient to ensure the enthusiasm of open and ACS requires refreshing its standards so as to execute its approaches over ICT proficient carefully. This exposition will concentrate on investigates of ACS code of morals by examining various models. With the progression of innovation, the job of ICT experts has developed also. The ACS code of morals direct individuals during moral difficulties that they face during individual and expert life. In any case, there are a few reactions of ACS code of morals which are given dependent on the activities of ICT proficient. Taviani (2007) expressed that these codes of morals have no teeth which implies that infringement of ACS code of morals didn't really bring about end of its individuals or any discipline whatsoever. Besides, the ACS code of morals isn't state-of-the-art, and they just spotlight on four customary regions of concerns which incorporate availability, protection, property and precision. At last, ACS code of morals is ridiculous, ambiguous, self-serving, deficient, pointless and conflicting. Also, ACS code of morals didn't give arrangement to a circumstance in which at least two standards of morals struggle with one another (Thomas Ahyick, 2010). The ACS code of morals can g ive experts the mixed up idea which implies that they required after the standards indiscriminately when they are being analyzed, thought, contended and investigated possibly in support of the activity. For instance, late discharge outrage in Volkswagen Company demonstrated the unimportance of the code of morals and how effectively ICT experts can maintain a strategic distance from them to increase an out of line advantage. Another issue with ACS code of morals is that they are excessively static, resolute and point by point for ICT field which is a powerful area and it requires a code that can without much of a stretch be adjusted to changing nature. Then again, codes which are too broad and adaptable are scrutinized for their inability to give satisfactory course. It is additionally hard for ACS to uphold the code of morals carefully and for the most part they are self-serving standards. As per Bowern, Burmeister, Gotterbarn Weckert (2006), there are various lacks in the ACS code of morals, for example, prerequisite of explicit utilization of code, necessity of survey of job and exercises of ACS Disciplinary Committee, prerequisite of consistency between ACS code and morals and universal guidelines and others (Al-Saggaf Burmeister, 2012). Taking everything into account, there are various issues identifying with ACS code of morals including out-dated standards, absence of enforceability, and static app roaches. The IT part is a unique field, and it requires a code that can change according to evolving condition. The ACS is required to refresh its code of morals so as to coordinate them with universal IT guidelines. These morals depend on conventional methodology, and they didn't give arrangements when at least two standards cover with one another. Along these lines, ACS is requiring examining and changing its code of morals to guarantee that they are appropriate for current ICT experts and moral issues. Scrutinize of Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism The Utilitarianism is alluded to a moral hypothesis which decides right or wrong dependent on the result of a circumstance instead of dependent on activities. It gives that brute activities are the ones which center around boosting utility. In this hypothesis, Utility is characterized in different ways, be that as it may, for the most part, it implies as far as the prosperity of people in general (Mill, 2016). The Utilitarianism hypothesis gives that most moral decisions are the once that create more noteworthy useful for the more prominent number. It is a philosophical hypothesis with respect to profound quality or how an individual should act in explicit circumstances. The hypothesis has been affecting in recent hundreds of years by giving down to earth orders of governmental issues and financial aspects. Be that as it may, the hypothesis has been censured by various specialists which gives that it isn't appropriate for present day circumstances (Kahane, Everett, Earp, Farias Savul escu, 2015). The investigate of hypothesis incorporates difficulty, difficulty, deficiency and disregarding of the standard of equity. Numerous specialists contend that Utilitarianism hypothesis is only a way of thinking which can't be applied to genuine circumstances. They give that the hypothesis is unreasonable and can't matter to the moral issue looked by the expert today. This article will concentrate on scrutinizing the guideline of Utilitarianism hypothesis dependent on various models. A crucial investigate of Utilitarianism morals hypothesis is that it disregards equity. An exampl

Gul Ahmed Textiles Business Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

The story of textiles in the subcontinent is the story of Gul Ahmed. The group began trading in textiles in the early 1900s. With all its know-how and experience, the group decided to enter the field of manufacturing and Gul Ahmed Textile Mills Ltd. was incorporated as a private limited company, in the year 1953. In 1972 it was subsequently listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. Since then the company has been making rapid progress and is one of the best composite textile houses in the world. The mill is presently a composite unit with an installed capacity of 130,296 spindles, 223 wide width air jet looms, and a state of the art processing and finishing unit. In the textile field, activities start from the spinning of cotton as well as man made fibers and extend to weaving, processing and finishing of all types of cotton and blended fabrics, bed linen, home furnishings, garment manufacturing, etc. 1.2Products Gul Ahmeds fine textile products represent a unique fusion of the cen tury old traditions of the east and the latest textile technology of the west. The purest of cotton fibers, produced from the fertile lands of the Indus Valley, are spun, woven and processed into the finest quality cotton and blended products through a combination of latest technology, skills and craftsmanship of this traditional industry. 1.2.1Bed-Linen Quilt covers ,duvet covers, flat and fitted sheets, pillow covers, valance sheets, bolster case with all sorts of fancy confectioning, embroidery and embellishments, packed to buyers specific requirement. 1.2.2Curtain Ready made curtains lined, un-lined and taptop curtains, plain or fully accessorized with tiebacks, pelmets, cushion covers, in different styles of confectioning and embroidery, packed to buyers specific requirement. 1.2.3Fabric Running meter fabrics, packed to specific requirement. 1.2.4Yarn Gul Ahmed specializes in medium-to-fine-count cotton yarns and is also capable of producing yarns using a wide variety of synthetic fibers including polyester, rayon and other man-made fibers. CHAPTER 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES DISCLOSURES This is the summary of different accounting rules and procedure which is used in the preparation of financial statements by the Gul Ahmed Textile Mills. And here I also tell you how the different accounting rules affects the financial statements of the company. The financial statement of Gul Ahmad is prepared in accordance with approved accounting standards as applicable in Pakistan. The companys financial statement are prepared is Pakistani rupee. The management of Gul Ahmad exercises its judgment in the process of applying the accounting polices. Estimates and judgments are continuously evaluated and are based upon historical experience, including expectation of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. So for this purpose I explained here each item separately which is mentioned in the financial statements. 2.1 Operating Assets These are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation except leasehold land, which is stated at cost. No amortization is provided on leasehold land since the lease is renewal at the option of the lessee. Depreciation is charge on reducing balance method at specified rates. Full year depreciation is charge on additions except major additions or extensions to production facilities, which are depreciated on pro-rata basis for the period of use during the year and no depreciation is charges on the assets in the year of their disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of fixed assets are included in current year income. 2.2 Intangible Assets In tangible assets are states at cost amortization is charges over the useful life of the assets on a systematic basis to income applying the straight line method. 2.3 Investments Investments are initially measured at cost. At subsequent reporting dates, the company reconsider carrying amount of the investment to a ssess, whether there is any indication of impairment loss. If such indication exists, the carrying amount is reduced to recoverable amount and the difference is recognized as expense. 2.4 Investment held for trading: These are stated at fair value and changes in carrying values are included in profit and loss account of the current year. 2.4.1Investment available for sale: These are stated at fair value and changes in carrying value are recognized in equity until investments is sold or determined to be impaired at which time accumulated gain or loss previously recognized in equity in included in profit and loss account. 2.4.2Investment held to maturity: These are stated at amortized cost, less impairment loss, if any, recognized to reflect irrecoverable amounts, impairment losses are charges to profit and loss account. 2.5 Store, Spaces and loose tools: These are valued at average cost and goods in transit are stated at actual cost. 2.6 Stock in trade: Raw material are valued at average cost method finished goods are valued at lower of average manufacturing cost and net realizable value. Work in process is valued at average cost of raw material plus as proportion of the productions overheads. Wastes products are valued at net realizable value. Goods in transit are stated at actual cost. 2.7. Trade debts: Trades debts are carried at original invoice amount debts considered irrecoverable are written off and provision is made for debts consider doubtful. 2.8. Financial Assets and liabilities: All financial assets and liabilities are measured at cost, which is the fair value of the consideration given and received respectively. 2.9 Off setting of financial assets and liabilities: A financial assets and financial liability is offset and the net amount is reported at the balance sheet, if the company has a legal enforceable right to set off the recognized amount and intends either to settle on net basis or to realize. The assets and settle in the liabilities simultaneously. 2.10 Impairment: The carrying amount of the company assets is received at each balance sheet date to determine, whether there is an indication of impairment loss. If such indication exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss if any. Impairment loss is recognized as expense in profit and loss accounts. 2.11 Revenue recognition: Sales are recorded on the dispatch of goods to buyer return on investment is recognized on accrual basis. 2.12 Cash and cash equivalent: Cash and cash equipment are recorded in balance sheet at cost. For the purpose of cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalent comprises cash on hand, with banks on currency, saving and deposits accounts running finance under make up arrangement and short term finance. 2.13 Loans and advances: The company give different loans and advances to the employee for the purchase of cars, sc ooters and household equipment and house assistance in accordance with the terms of employment and repayable in monthly instatements. These loans are secured against retirement benefit and other dues of the company. 2.14 Assets Provisions Provisions are recognized in the balance sheet when the company has legal obligation as a result of past event, and it is probability that outflow of economic benefit will be required to settle the obligations. 2.15 Significant Accounting Polices: These are some significant accounting polices which the company used during 2004_2009 for the preparation of financial statements. 2.15.1 Accounting Convention: Accounts of the company have been prepared on historical cost convention. 2.15.2 Borrowing cost: Make up, interest and other changes on loans are capitalized upto the date for commissioning of the qualified assets, acquired out of the proceed of such loans. All other mark up interest, profit and other charges are charges to income. 2.15.3 Retirement benefits: The company operated an approved funded contributory provident fund for its eligible employees to whom equal monthly contribution is made both by the company and the employees. The company also operates an unfunded gratuity not part of the provident fund scheme. 2.15.4 Shares of the company: The company issue three types of share, ordinary share of Rs.10 each fully paid in cash Ordinary share of Rs.10 each fully paid under scheme of arrangement for amalgamation. Ordinary share of Rs. 10 each issued as fully paid bonuses share. CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 3.1Analysis of Income Statement In the income statement of Gul Ahmed Textile mills from 2005 till 2009 the trend shows that there is the company sales from year to year. Here the sales have increased from 2005-09. But the growth rate of sales shows that in the period of 2009 the company has a maximum growth of 6.2%. Gross profit is directly related to sales and t his was also influenced by the external factors. The net income also shows a fluctuating trend of the company. The company s suffered a loss in 2006. Other factors which showed a low net income in 2006 is because of high level of finance cost and tax rates induced on the company. Overall the company do good to maintain its high level of sales and income from 2007-09. The income statement shows that the company is in the way of progress from year 2007-2009. 3.2 Analysis of Balance Sheet In the assets side of the balance sheet, the companys non-current assets increased from 2004-09 which was a good sign. Companys current assets increased from 2005-06 but then started decreasing because of the economic conditions and reduced sales and net income. Overall the companys total assets increased from 2005-06 but decreased from 2005 to 2006 but then again increasing from 2007-2009 which means that day by day company improve its position .The balance sheet of Gul Ahmed Textile mills show s that the issued or subscribed shares remins the same in 2004-2006 and then increases from 2007-2009 . This showed that the company expanded with more number of shareholders in 2009. The total equity of the company showed a increasing trend from 2004 to 2009. Long term loans decreased only in the year 2007 but in other years it is continuously increasing and it have reached the highest in 2009 which is not good for the company. The current liabilities of the company increased from 2004-2006 but started decreasing in 2007 because of the economics of scales factor or they planned to efficiently use the resources in such difficult economic conditions, but it is again rising in 2008-09 which is not a good indicator. Overall the total liabilities increased from 2004-06 but decreased in 2008 and this is a good sign for the company because reducing overall cost in unfavorable conditions would help the company to recover its bad debts. 3.3 Analysis of Cash Flow Statement The cash flo w statement of Gul Ahmed Textile mills is divided into three parts, which shows the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities respectively. The net cash flow from operating activities are positive in the year 2005-2009 but it is negative in year 2004 only. Currently it is positive which shows that company is performing well and is generating cash inflow from operations and its cash inflows are more than its outflows. The net cash flow from investing activities is negative from 2004-2009 which is not a good indicator for the company. The cash flow from financing activities is positive from year 2004-2009 which isa good indicator. Overall the cash and cash equivalents at the end of each 5 years are negative which tells that company is not in a good position. 3.5 Five years Growth Rate The overall growth rate of Gul Ahmed Textile Mills in Sales, Market price and the amount of total assets. We could see that growth rates of each of the component for the five ye ars is positive which indicates that company is in a very good condition and its important components like sales and total assets are increasing day by day which tells that this company is also becoming attractive for the investors. 3.6 Analysis of Common-size of Income Statement It shows us the percentage of income statement components with respect to sales. In case of Gul Ahmed Textile Mills the Cost of goods sold have almost stable from 2005 to 2008 and then a slight decrease in 2009 has been seen in year 2009 which is also higher percentage of sales value i.e 83.19%. (refer to table #3) This increase can be considered due to increasing inflation and production costs. The Gross Profit of the company has been maximum in 2009 where it was at the level of 16.85% of sales and from the year of 2005-2008 the company has seen a decrease in GP as the cost of production was rising during the periods. The increase in expenses especially in distribution costs is due to the increase d production capacity by the company and this has increased from 1.95% of sales in 2006 to 3.25 of sales in 2009. Other expenses have remained stable which shows that company is efficient in managing its expenses. The success of company lies in cutting down its administrative expenses in financial crunch conditions. Thus resulting in fewer burdens on company. Profits from operations have increased considering the current financial conditions. The company has incurred increasing finance costs as the cost of borrowing funds have increased due to increased markups and interest rates with time. So Finance Costs have increased from a level of 4% of sales in 2007 to 7% of sales in 2009 The taxation has remained stable with time and the increasing sales of the company throughout 5 years as the ratio of earnings to taxes in nearly same. The Net Income of the company shows a fluctuation trend from 2005 -2009. And in 2009 it is decreased from 1.67 level of sales to 0.57% of sales. But it i s still good as the company has increased its production and with that increase in production costs and expenses have resulted in reduction of Net Income. 3.7 Analysis of Common-size of Balance Sheet It shows how the company averages of assets and liabilities Owner Equity with respect to its Total Assets and Liabilities Owner Equity respectively. The common size Balance Sheet of the Gul Ahmed Textile Mills shows that the companys total current assets are decrease from 2004-2008 and then increases in 2009 .It decreases from 60.5% in 2004 to 51.8% in 2008 and then increases to 54% in 2009 with respect to its total assets.(refer to table # 2) We know that the company has increased its sales and production capacity, the cash and bank balances of the company have increased from 2007-2009 considering the increase in production and sales. Stock in trade shows that company is efficiently using its inventory for production. Companys Account receivables have decreased slightly with in crease in sales which is not a good sign for the company. The increase in Property plants ratio from 2004-2008 with respect to total assets is also good for the company and we can see an increasing share of investments in total assets of company. Liabilities includes major chunk of short term borrowing cost which have decreased by minor extent from last year. Interest markup on loans has also increased with respect to total liabilities owner equity from previous years which was obvious. The companys total liabilities ratio is more than owners equity which is not a healthy sign for its share holders and investors as 1:1 ratio of liabilities to owner equity is ideal. 3.8Trend Analysis The cash and cash equivalents of Gul Ahmed Textile Mills show a fluctuation trend from 2005 to 2009 setting 2005 as the base year. Account receivables, inventory and current assets also showed a decreasing trend from 2006-09. Current liabilities showed an increasing trend from year 2006 to 2009. ( refer to table #4)Working capital, net plant asset and other assets also showed a decreasing trend in all years setting 2005 as the base year. Long term debt and total liabilities also showed an increasing trend, share owners equity and net sales showed a decreasing trend. Total cost and expenses showed an increasing trend and the net income of Gul Ahmed Textile mills showed a increasing trend from 2007-2009 and it is negative in 2006. 3.9Ratio Analysis (All the figures and calculation related to ratios of the company is mentioned in table no.1 in appendix.) 3.9.1Current Ratio: It is always considered that the current ratio lies between 1 and 2 are the ideal for any business to operate. The current ratio of the company is decreasing from 1.045 to 0.95 which is also less than industry average of 2.15. This shows that company current assets are less to cover its current liabilities as compared to its industry. The current ratio shows the level of risk associated with the c ompany. 3.9.2Acid Test Ratio: The acid test ratio is a more stringent test of liquidity. This is similar to current ratio but is a better measure to analyze the liquidity position of the company. The higher it is the better it is. The acid-test ratio trend shows that the liquidity condition of Gul Ahmed Textile Mills is less than industry average of 1.10 and is at a level of 0.39 3.9.3Accounts Receivable Turn Over: There is a minor increase in the account receivable turnover which shows that the company is doing more and more credit business and it is taking time for the company to collect its receivables. But this minor increase is due to increasing production in 2009. But still the companys turnover is lesser than industry average of 54.91 which shows the strength of company with its receivables. 3.9.4Inventory Turn Over: The ratio measures the ability of company to use and dispose inventory and the liquidity of inventory component in current assets. The higher t he ratio, the better it is for the company. The inventory turnover has increased over the past 5 years showing that the movement of stock in and out of the company is higher in 2009 as compared to the industry. 3.9.5 Days Sale in Receivables: This shows the time company is taking to convert its receivables to sales. Gul Ahmed Textile Mills has proved to be really efficient in collecting its receivables. Its receivables time period is 26 days which is less than industry average of 34 days. 3.9.6Days Sales in Inventory: The average days sales in inventory is a lot higher than Gul Ahmed Textile Mills days sales of 34 days. This means that company is really efficient in converting its inventory to 3.910Approximate Conversion Period: This ratio shows the average time company required to convert is receivables to sales and inventory to sales, which is strong in case of Gul Ahmed as the company is in covering its receivables and inventory in approximately 45 days. 3.9. 11Cash to Current Assets: This ratio shows the proportion of cash in total current assets. The higher the ratio, the better it is for the company. High ratio shows that the firm has more near cash assets and there is a minimal damage or loss in liquidation. The ratio of company in 2009 is nearly the same of industry average showing the companys strong cash position in the industry. 3.9.12Cash to Current Liabilities: This ratio shows the availability of cash with the company to pay off its current liabilities. It is a lot less than industry average in case of Gul Ahmed Textile Mills. This shows that company has less cash to cover its liabilities which is not safe for the company. 3.9.13 Liquidity Index: The liquidity index represents that an increases in the index signify deterioration in liquidity, while a decrease in the value of index signify improved liquidity position. The companys liquidity index decreases over the past five years showing that companys liquidity position improves over the period. 3.9.14Working Capital: It measures the excess of current assets over current liabilities. This ratio is important as measuring the liquid reserve available to meet contingencies and the uncertainties surroundings a company. The companys position in working capital is although not satisfactory but still its a lot less than industry average. This shows that company is managing to maintain its working capital in such severe industry conditions. 3.9.15Cash Reinvestment Ratio: The cash reinvestment ratio tells us about the prospects of companys ability to reinvest its cash flows in businesses for growing its business. The cash reinvestment ratio of company has shown an increasing trend from 2005 which shows that company. In 2009 cash reinvestment ratio has doubled in case of Gul Ahmed Textile Mills as it has reached to a level of 45% where as industry average lies at only around 8%. This shows the strong commitment of owners of company for g rowing their businesses. 3.9.16 Capital Structure and Solvency Ratios: A measure of a companys financial leverage calculated by dividing  its total liabilities  by  stockholders equity. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. A high debt/equity ratio generally means that a company has been aggressive in financing its growth with debt. This can result in volatile earnings as a result of the additional interest expense. The debt to equity ratio of Gul Ahmed is lower than the industry average which shows that company is managing its proportion of equity and debt in financing its assets quite well. Total Debt ratio gives an idea to the leverage of the company along with the potential risks the company faces in terms of its debt load. In this case the debt ratio although increasing from previous years is still below the industry. The Debt Ratio measures the percentage of Short-Term Debt to Long-Term Debt, a us eful way to uncover a companys reliance on short term or long term debt. The long term debt to equity ratio shows that company has increasing long term debt from last years and even more than industry with respect to its equity capital. Adjusted long term debt to equity ratio is a more accurate measure of long term debt with respect to equity which is also in same proportion as in case of long term debt. Equity to total debt ratio is important for investors point of view as every dollar of debt is backed up by calculated amount of equity. Lower equity to debt ratio shows that either the debt is increasing or equity is decreasing which is less favorable for investors and share holders and means company is more leveraged than the industry. Less fixed capital to equity ratio than industry is also more concerning factor for company as it has less fixed assets for each dollar of equity. Current liabilities are less in total liabilities than industry average, which is good for company but increasing long term liabilities have increased the fixed charges for the company at the other end. Earning to fixed charges is quite less than industry which is good for the company; this means that company is generating earnings from operations to cover its finance costs. The cash flow generated from operations is greater for the company to cover its finance costs, which is good for the company with less liquidity concerns. 3.9.17Return on Invested Capital: Return on invested capital shows us that how much the company is earning from its invested capitals which are in form of assets, equity, long term debt e.t.c. the return on assets shows that how much the company is generating its income from its assets. It is the share of net income generated from its assets. The companys return on assets is quite higher than industry which is also higher by a marginal factor from last years. Although it is not enough still its good for the company with respect to its industry. Return on common equity shows how much the investor and shareholders are getting for their invested capital in the company. As far as Gul Ahmed return on equity is concerned it remained at higher level till 2009. Its ROE is still higher than industry which is a positive sign for investors. In case of long term debt and equity the company is generating enough income from the equity capital and financing is done mostly internally. Its return is higher than industry as well which is a good sign for company. Financial leverage index shows that how well company is using its debt. An index of greater than 1 show that company is managing its debt well and returns on equity is larger than its return on assets. 3.9.18Asset Utilization Ratios: Cash and cash equivalents represent the total cash assets company has. In case of Gul Ahmed Textile Mills the company has shown a consistent trend of converting its sales to cash and cash equivalents till 2009. This shows that company although increasing i ts sales in 2009 has not been able to convert its sales to cash in 2009. Sales percentage of accounts receivables has also decreased in 2009 and it is lesser than industry average which shows that Gul Ahmed Textile Mills is good with its credit policy and accounts receivables are converting into sales more frequently. Sale to inventory has consistently shown an increasing trend as the company has more inventories with respect to its increasing sales. It is also more than industry average as Gul Ahmed is showing consistency in its inventories. Working capital of company has decreased drastically in current year from previous years and it is also less than industry average. This shows that company has more current liabilities than its current assets. Sales to fixed assets ratio for Gul Ahmed is increasing from last years and it is more than industry. This shows that company has more fixed assets than its current assets. Company is generating fewer sales from its other assets which is less than industry although it is increasing from last years. Gul Ahmed is generating more sales from its total assets than its industry which shows that company is managing its assets well. 3.9.19Analysis of Profit Margin Ratios: Gross profit margin for the company is increasing from 2007s value although it is a lot less than industry average which is a major concern for the company. This means that company is facing difficulties in case of higher costs of production. Operating profit margin for the company is increasing from last year and is somewhat higher than industry average which shoes that company will be able to gain higher profit after paying its fixed costs like interests. Net Operating margin for the company is decreasing from last years but still its exactly the same of industrys operating margin which is although not much but still good enough for company to say that it is earning profits. 3.10.Dupont Analysis:- Dupont analysis is deals with the return o n equity. The return on equity ratio is further divided into four ratio i-e tax management efficiency, expense control efficiency, asset management efficiency and fund management efficiency. A slight variation in the ROE tells us for diagnosing problem in the related four areas which is mentioned above. I n case of Gul Ahmed the value of the ROE is highest in the year of 2007 which is 5.19% because of the company has highest net income in this year and lower distribution cost. In the year of 2009 the company ROE ratio is 2.57% because in this year the company expands its business and the cost is increase due to expansion that is why the net income is decreases of the company. CHAPTER 4 COST OF CAPITAL VALUATION 4.1Valuation Method To measure the value of the company I used constant growth model t o see either the company value increase or decrease with year after year. The values of the company show that the value of the company is increasing with the passage of time i. e. it increases from Rs.1467218.01 in 2005 to Rs. 20452534.2 in 2009. The actual vale of share in 2009 is Rs. 32 which is less then the market value and in 2008 the market value of Gul Ahmed is high as compared to actual value it means that the stock price of the company is overpriced so the investor, want to invest in the company when the stock is underpriced . 4.2Free Cash Flow Of Gul Ahmed Free cash flow means the extra cash available for the company which the company invests in other securities or sometimes the company invests in the company for the expansion purpose. So higher the amount of free cash flow is the better for the company. Because the company invest and gain income from the investment. In the case of Gul Ahmed Textile Mills the free cash flow is increasing from 2007-2009 from the amount of Rs. 222837 to Rs. 468826 which is the good indicator for the company. (It is mentioned in table no. 9 of appendix) 4.3Application of CAPM Model CAPM model is basicall y used to find out the required rate of return on the investment by the investor point of view. If the actual rate is greater than the required rate then the investor buy the stock and it is beneficent to the investor. So the required rate of Gul Ahmed is by using the CAPM model is find as :- Kr =K rf + (Km-Krf)ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² =12.54% +(20% 12.54%)1.5 =23.73% So if the companys actual rate is greater than 23.73% then the investor is willing to buy the share of the company. 4.4 Weighted Average Cost of Capital Of Gul Ahmed Weighted average cost of capital is the cost which the company bears against the total amount of capital raised for the operation of the business. Its include the cost of debt as well as the cost of equity. The lower the cost of capital the better is for the company but in case of Gul Ahmed the WACC of the company shows the fluctuation trend because of the increase rate or the effect of the inflation .Here the WACC is increasing from 2006-2009 from the amount of 14.40% to 15.1% . ( It is mentioned in table no. 11 in appendix) CHAPTER 5 PERSPECTIVE ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION After the detail analysis of Gul Ahmed textile mills for the five years which include year to year analysis, common size analysis, ratio analysis, dupont analysis of income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and statement of retained earning I come to the point that the Gul Ahmed is a good company which is on the way of progress, the market value of Gul Ahmed share is increasing year after year, the asset of the company increases. The major finding of the analysis are Companys current liquidity position is satisfactory. Companys major source of financing is debt. Company short term financing is major part of liabilities. Companys cost of sales is increasing much more relative to its sales. Companys market value is fluctuate over the years. Company give only one time dividend in the last six years. Different ratios are not satisfactory like EPS,P/E ratio and current ratio. Company needs to review its taxation, expense control and asset management policy. Investors and creditors should be cautious while investing or giving loans in/to this company. Company must review its debt to equity mix and its financing policy So I recommend that it is a better option to purchase the share of Gul Ahmed Textile mills.

An Exploration of Racism in Heart of Darkness - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1933 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Heart of Darkness Essay Did you like this example? Joseph Conradrs Heart of Darkness has been analyzed and critiqued for its misrepresentation of the African race. Some critics have even gone so far as to say that the whole piece itself is racist. While Conrad was not solely responsible for the xenophobic image of Africa, his writing did seem to support the stereotype of the native people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Exploration of Racism in Heart of Darkness" essay for you Create order Nevertheless, Conrad was writing at a time when the historical representation of Africans had always been primarily depicted as racist. It is also safe to assume that Conrad failed to delineate Africans properly because he recognized little of their culture. This could be due to the fact that his time on the Congo was spent mostly with white men. While Conradrs text can be difficult to comprehend and does have certain racist elements, this does not mean the author was racist and wrote Heart of Darkness with racist intentions; on the contrary, it is presumed that Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness to show the wicked ways of the Europeans, not to scrutinize Africans. In a literary piece titled An Image of Africa: Racism in Conradrs Heart of Darkness by Chinua Achebe, Achebe writes about Conradrs work being opened up on the River Thames, which is calm and tranquil; however, the actual story will take place on the River Congo, the very antithesis of the Thames (15). Achebe argues that Conrad is not worried so much about the differences of the two, as he is worried about the kinship between them (15). Before Thames was at the point of peace, it was seen as one of the dark places of the earth (Conrad 75). The thought of the Thames going back into its state of darkness is what Conrad seems to be most concerned for, as he seems to say that darkness never really leaves; Marlow, a character from the book, states, it is like a running blaze in a plain, like a flash of lightning in the clouds. We live in the flicker may it last as long as the old earth keeps rolling! (76). From this, it seems that Marlow is saying that the state they are in right now is th e flicker of light in the midst of the darkness. This darkness mainly resides in the wicked hearts of people and, if not taken care of properly, can be released again. Marlow has seen this type of darkness first hand from the Congo and all its atrocities. Obviously it is not that Africa is a place that turns men wicked; however, Africa seems to be a place where wicked men do not curb their corrupt behavior. By seeing this, Marlow has a sense of prejudice due to his ignorance of the matter, and because he has had no other experiences to base them off of, so he hastily makes his own conclusions on others. A prime example that Conrad uses to display not only Marlowrs bias, but to express his own empathy for the situation is the fireman. The fireman is an African who has been trained to operate the boatrs boiler. While watching him, Marlow refers to the fireman as an improved specimen (Conrad 99) and he thinks theres an evil spirit inside who gets angry if its not given enough water. Marlow also gives a very harsh description of the fireman, referring to him as a dog dressed like a person. Despite this unfavorable description, it seems that Marlow sympathizes with the fireman. Marlow feels that the fireman would be better off with his relatives instead of being seperated from them and forced to work for the Europeans (Conrad 100). This statement from Marlow was most likely sincere, as Achebe states, For Conrad things being in their place is of the utmost importance (18). When things are where they are supposed to be, it helps relieve future conflict that could arise; however, when peopl e, or things, are placed where they do not belong it can cause chaos to erupt. Had Europeans decided not to colonize Africa, many of the events and tragedies discussed in Heart of Darkness would have been completely avoided. This fact seems to uphold the idea that Conrad felt that Europeans had no right being in Africa; furthermore, in Paranoia and Pain in Joseph Conradrs Heart of Darkness author Al-Assad Omar quotes, In this short novel, he dramatized his own confiding attitudes toward passion and reason, savagery and civilization (1). Conrad may have felt that Heart of Darkness was the most effective way to express his views on the situation. None of the Europeans depicted in Heart of Darkness seem interested in helping or educating the Africans; instead, most of them ignore the anguish around them and continue to pursue their own personal endeavors. The fact that Conrad decided to portray the Europeans in such a negative light seems to suggest that he disagreed with their being in Africa and hoped to share his feelings on the subject. In an analysis of Josep h Conrad and his works, Aaron Records states the following on Conrad: I surmise that arguments of intention are dangerous and that no one should make them because they are largely insupportable. If anything, an argument of intention has all the qualities of prejudice and once investigated, seems just as absurd as arguments for racism (159). The statement made by Records debunks the claim that Conradrs writing was intentionally racist. With no evidence to back up the claims, they are not valid. Furthermore, Achebe uses the argument that because Conrad lacks focus on the African characters Heart of Darkness has a racist nature; however, Conrad choosing to show the savagery of the Europeans on the French Ship seems much more appropriate to cover. Marlow describes the scene; In the empty immensity of earth, sky, and water, there she was, incomprehensible, firing into a continent (82). The thought of a French warship approaching a small village with spears and arrows seems a tad extreme. This treatment of the natives further shows the crude behavior of the whites. When he first sees the ship, Marlow sees a gang of Africans who look to be severely overworked and malnourished. As the ship passes by, all the Africans seem to be unphased by Marlowrs presence despite being in close proximity to him. Their lack of regard for Marlow shows their paucity of connection for the moment and just how their treatment on the ship had made them lose all connection with their surroundings. Again seeing the harsh realities of the situation, Marlow sees the impact Europe had on the natives. He states, They were dying slowly it was very clear. They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly now nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation (84). Marlow implies in this passage that the natives were mistreated, used relentlessly for labor until they were spent, at which point they were allowed by the civilized whites to crawl into the grove of death to die. At this point, Marlow seems to have a revelation. He sees these Africans in a new light than before, and acknowledges their pain. Not only does Marlow make note of the Africans on the ship, he also observes cannibals that he seems to have high regards for. Marlow begins to give insights into some of the Africans that crew his ship. He states of the cannibals, fine fellows cannibals in their place. They were men one could work with, and I am grateful to them (98). The fact that Marlow places such an importance on the value of work, and that he describes the Africans as men one could work with seems to show the level of respect he has for them. To flip the situation around, there is never an instance where Marlow describes any of the Europeans as people he could see himself working with. In fact, there is another altercation in the novella where the Europeans take food from a group of cannibals and throw it overboard. When this happens, Marlow wonders why the cannibals have such restraint over themselves and states, It takes man all his inborn strength to fight hunger properly (103). The restraint demonstrated by the cannibals has a huge contrast to the pilgrims and Marlow even comments on how unwholesome the pilgrims looked (103). The fact that Marlow viewed the cannibals with such high esteem and the Europeans with such low disregard furthermore highlights the feelings Conrad had toward the Europeans. For this particular situation, Marlow wants to highlight the overwhelming dissimilarities between the Africans and the Europeans. The Africans show striking uprightness in not eating the Europeans; especially because they had them outnumbered thirty to five (103). Perceived to be vicious, one would not think that cannibals can have integrity; however, Conrad shows that they can. As time goes on, Marlow starts to see the Africans for who they truly are and understand that they are not the ones who are always in the wrong. In a text written about Heart of Darkness, author Glen Retief states the following, First, Heart of Darkness, is in many ways, the quintessential narrative of Africa written by an outsider: both Conrad and Marlow know nothing of the Congo beyond what they have read in newspapers and books (225). Many time, when someone does not have enough knowledge on a particular situation, they can tend to make their own assumptions; while this is not right, it does not necessaril y make that person a vicious person, it just makes them ignorant to the subject and shows they need to be informed about it. In a novel about racism titled The Bluest Eyes, author Toni Morrison states, Being a minority in both caste and class, we moved about anyway on the hem of life, struggling to consolidate our weaknesses and hang on, or to creep singly up into the major folds of the garment (17). This quote can be used to describe the African situation for how they were perceived. They were not of a high-class and were often looked down upon, and because of this, they were always easy targets for others to make their presumptions and cast judgment. To say that Heart of Darkness is an intentionally racist text would be a far cry from what many see as Joseph Conradrs true intentions for the novel. While it does have a tendency to focus on, and give insights, into European characters while demeaning Africans, this is not due to racism, but a calculated attempt to illustrate the cruel behavior of the European characters. Conrad shows the hard truth of how many Europeans act when they are freed from the restraints of society and in this process, he also shows that the ones being portrayed as savages are the ones who are not the troublemakers. Many revert back to animalistic behaviors and doing things spitefully, while the savage African cannibals show restraint even when they are provoked by the Europeans. Joseph Conrad was trying to show the reality of European imperialism, that for the most part, would have gotten overlooked and ignored by society. His stance for the topic shows that he was not scared to write about the truth, whe ther it was good or bad. The true message behind Heart of Darkness is not racism, but that power corrupts even what the world sees as the best of people and nations. There is always two sides to every story, and sometimes the good that we see, is underlined with miles of evil that is just waiting to be opened up. There is darkness inside every individual. Whether or not a person frees their darkness is an eternal decision they must make.

The Effect of the Media in Our Body Image Perspectives Essay

The Effect of the Media in Our Body Image Perspectives In the recent years communication and the technology has been improved in a way that nobody ever imagined. In 1926, John Logie Baird invented the television and over the years television had become the first tool for entertainment until now. Television and media had presented or reflected how society works. It also reflected the image of people and how they perceived themselves. As an example, the shows were mainly about a love story that was very simple (the dad won’t let the girl choose the one she loves) and many other similar stories. But if you observe the actresses’ bodies you will notice that they are far from perfect according to our recent standards. Young women and men†¦show more content†¦197-210). When teens do their clothes shopping, they always tend to dress like their ideal. This is a natural thing. You always want to look like your favorite actor. According to Mascarenhas, Higby (1993), the y have found that â€Å"parent- and media –informative influences exceed almost all other.† (pp. 53-58). Therefore, we should keep in mind that there are many teens that try their best to look like their favorite actor. In recent years, much news spread about women who would go on a serious diet so they would look like the picture of a model in a Victoria Secret magazine. As a result, that caused them many health problems, such as eating disorders, lack of appetite, even huge weight loss that, unfortunately, might cost them their lives. That reminds me of a story that I saw a couple years ago on television; it was simply about a young woman who went on serious diet and lost around 40 pounds, to look like a famous Hollywood actress in a photo in the magazine. The girl put her time into exercise every day for more than 10 hours to achieve her goal. But unluckily, the picture was modified so this actress would look this thin! 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Financial Accounting Ethics and Governance of Sunshine Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting Ethics and Governance. Answer: Introduction The statements which are prepared so as to provide the information related with the present financial position of the company and helps in the evaluation of the financial performance of the business during the time of reporting are known as financial statements. It is necessary that the financial statements should be prepared on the bases which are true as well as fair so that trust among the stakeholders of the company could be developed with the help of which they can take appropriate decision. The report is developed in relation with preparing appropriate set of financial statement for Sunshine Ltd. which is a large department store which is showing a consistent performance in the market from past few years and will be performing in the same manner in next 2 years. The general manager of the company is willing to transfer the profit of the last two years towards the further two years. The report is prepared to develop the understanding upon the ethical behavior as well as ethical dilemma of the accounting at the time when these duties are being discharged. Ethics and Governance The system of following all set moral as well as authenticated principles in the process of decision making is known as ethics. Business ethics is the framework in which the issues related with the decision making process as well as various moral issues that arise at the workplace are being resolved by taking the appropriate as well as unbiased decisions. These are applicable to both individual as well as organization (Denis Alajbeg, et. al., 2012). Corporate Governance is the legal framework in which all set of rules, regulations, policies and legal aspects of the company are being controlled. Behavior of the corporate or the business is being dictated by the principles of the corporate governance in the best interest of the stakeholders. Corporate governance helps in protecting the stakeholders interests with the effect of which decorum of the market could remain maintained (Byrne, et. al., 2007). Stakeholder Attached with the Present Practices Individual or group who is attached with the organization either directly or indirectly and gets impacted with each and every decisions of the business is known as stakeholder (Denis Alajbeg, et. al., 2012). Stakeholders are interested in the aspects, success as well as failure of the business. In the case presented general manager of Sunshine Ltd Kam Sunshine influence the accountant of the company Maria Mars to make certain manipulations in the accounts so as to ensure that the consistency of the profit could be provided to the organization (Most, et. al., 2015). Suggestion was made to Maria Mars to make changes in the depreciation methods which will lead to show fewer expenses and increase the level of profit in the books. Doing so will affect many of the stakeholders due to which ethical aspects as well as framework of the governance will directly get affect (Schreiber, 2016). Some of the stakeholders of Sunshine Ltd are: Investors: Investors are the individuals or the groups who has provided the financial support to the company (Michelon, et. al., 2015). With the decision of Kam Sunshine investors of the company will be directly affected. Making changes in the depreciation methods and reducing the expenses related with it and increasing the fictitious profit will lead to fooling the investors. As increase in the profit will attract more investors towards the business as they will think they are investing in the company which will consistently earn the profit for two years but on the other hand actual profit of the company will not be the same in the two years which will affect the investments of the investors (Marinovic, 2013). Government: Government is another stakeholder attached with Sunshine Ltd. which is concerned with the applied legal applications and regulations attached with the company as well as market (Zhou, et. al., 2012). There are certain set of government policies which have a huge impact on the business processes. These policies are directly concerned with the economic conditions of the business. Indulging in such fraudulent activities could lead Sunshine Ltd to oppose the compliance as well as allegations of the government. In this case principles of the corporate governance will be directly breached if the accounting standards will not be followed by Maria Mars (Arnold, et. al., 2013). Management: Management is the stakeholders who are directly attached with Sunshine Ltd as they manage the internal aspects of the company (Bogdanova, 2015). Management will directly get affected with the activities of the general manager Kam Sunshine as she is also a part of the management due to which trust of the employees will get reduced from the management and they will not be able work on the basis of the instructions provided by the management. Hence, with the misleading as well as fraudulent activity of one manager will affect the image of whole management working in Sunshine Ltd which will have great impact on the work process of the organization (Brockett, et. al., 2013). Suppliers: Suppliers are the stakeholders which help in managing the core operations of the business as the raw material is being provided by the suppliers with the help of which further processing related with the products and services are being processed by Sunshine Ltd (Hecimovic, et. al., 2011). Showing such fraudulent information to the people regarding the fictitious profit general manager of Sunshine Ltd will attract the suppliers to provide the goods on credit. And if the company will fail to generate the same amount of profit then loyalty will get affected as well as their payment will also get affected (Byoun, et. al., 2013). Customers: Customers are the external stakeholders who are termed as the most important part of the business as they are the one with whom the business processes are being completed and business continues to provide services in the market (Chang, 2011). Showing such type of false data will attract more people towards the business and when after two years when they will come to know the reality then the trust of the same will get affected. Customers attract toward the companies which are highly ethical but do not want to visit the companies who are indulged in the fraudulent activities and in the unethical practices (Basu, et. al., 2010). Ethical Issues An ethical issue is being observed in Sunshine Ltd and it could be evaluated that the same issue is being developed because of general manager as well as accountant of the company (Bodie, et. al., 2011). In such situation professional ethics of both general manager as well as accountant of the company are being questioned. Ethics is one of the most important aspect attached with any business, it is required that each and every employees working in the organization whether he is at the lower level or at the higher level should work on the path of following all set of ethical aspects an should ensure to deliver the true as well as authenticated services to the people as well as organization (Denis Alajbeg, et. al., 2012). In present case information related with a departmental store is being availed, Sunshine is a department store in which general manager of the company Kam Sunshine is concerned with the future profit of the company, reason behind it is the prediction of the economic shutdown in the years 2018 and 2019 (Byrne, et. al., 2007). Hence, Kam Sunshine provided direction to the accountant of the company Maria Mars to make changes in the future profit and to reduce the profit of the present two years which are 206 and 2017 and adjust the same in the next two years which are 2018 and 2019 (Denis Alajbeg, et. al., 2012). Doing so will help the company in maintaining the consistency in the earning capacity of Sunshine Ltd. Suggestions were made to Maria Mars to change the depreciation method so as to reduce the expenses of the company. According to the accounting standards no one has the right to make changes in the depreciation without providing proper set of reason and without any approval of the auditors and various other important members of the company (Most, et. al., 2015). Hence, it could be said that in this case general manager Kam Sunshine and accountant Maria Mars have failed to maintain the ethical procedures of the company. It could be interpreted that manipulation of the financial statements or transactions of the company so as to attract the interest of the stakeholders will be termed as an ethical issue (Schreiber, 2016). Governance Issue Governance helps the business in managing all the ethical, legal as well as regulatory frameworks and ensures that the compliance related with the market could be maintained. All the compliance related with the internal policies, procedures, external laws and regulations which are established by the government and various other regulatory bodies are being managed by the governance. Corporate governance helps in protecting the interest of the stakeholders and maintaining the decorum of the market (Michelon, et. al., 2015). In the case of Sunshine Ltd, general manager of the company was in the dilemma to maintain the conscience of the future for next two years which lead her to make the decision so as to manipulate the financial statements of the organization. According to the accounting standards no one in the organization is can change the depreciation methods without giving prior notice as well as explanation for the same (Marinovic, 2013). It is required that the disclosure of the changing depreciation from the past should be provided in the financial statements but this procedure was not being followed and the accountant of Sunshine Ltd, Maria Mars made the changes without giving any prior notice and made changes in the depreciation method. Hence, it could be said that in this situation Maria Max failed to follow the provisions and the accounting standards which lead to create governance issues for Sunshine Ltd (Zhou, et. al., 2012). Compliance Attached with the Accounting Standards As the normal wear and tear of the fixed assets the depreciation is being changed and is being changed at the obsolesce level of the fixed assets. In Sunshine Ltd depreciation method was being changed without giving any prior notice or making the entries in the financial statement which is an unethical practice in which accounting standards got violated (Arnold, et. al., 2013). There are certain accounting standards, according to the Australian Accounting Standard 1021 there are certain set of conditions in which the modification in the depreciation method could be made and these conditions are: Methods could be changed so as to make the financial statements true as well as fair These could be changed on the direction provided by the law as well as regulatory bodies. In case change in the accounting standards occurs then the depreciation methods could also be changed (Bogdanova, 2015) Suggestion on the basis of Australian Accounting Standards 116 According to the case presented in relation with the Sunshine Ltd there are various provisions which are being stated in the Australian Accounting Standards 116 which is property, plant and equipments, these are not being complied in. According to the AAS116 it is required that all set of information which influence the decision making aspects of the organization should be stated by the company or the authorities indulged in the same (Brockett, et. al., 2013). It could be AAS116 it could be suggested that the company should remain indulged in the auditing processes so as to gather appropriate set of information related with the financial statements. This will help in reducing the risk of occurrence of such type of activities at the workplace (Hecimovic, et. al., 2011). Conclusion Gathering information and analyzing all the aspects indulged in the case conclusion can be drawn that financial statements are one of the most important aspects for the organizations which helps in the decision making aspects. Hence it is required that the organization maintain the same in a proper manner. 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