Analysis of the First Two Acts of Brechts The Caucasian Chalk Circle :: The Caucasian Chalk Circle

Set shortly after World War two, the Prologue commences with two groups of peasants seated in the ruins of a Caucasian village, present is a delegate from the State Reconstruction Commission. We are introduced to the two parties as they argue the retrieval of a valley; the goat herders (on the right) originally owned the land and therefore believe that as they were there first they should hence keep the land, whereas the party on the left (the fruit farmers) argue that they could put the land to better use by means of superior production. The delegate moderating the debate chooses the fruit farmers. This introduction not only sets the plays structure but also possesses many communist undertones as in a capitalist government the land would be returned to its original owner, yet under Communist supervision the "logical" explanation is to give the land to whoever will put it to the best use. In order to celebrate the peaceful resolution to the dispute the peasants on the left provide a singer named Arkadi to sing a song entitled "The Chalk Circle." The positioning of the two parties on the stage is very effective, as one immediately comprehends the political significance. The party on the right representing right-wing beliefs and that of the left conveying that of the communists, the fact that the delegate selects the Communists to receive the land suggests the topic of the play and the eventual outcome of it, resulting in a foreboding and somewhat confusing atmosphere. The prologue serves as a means for Brecht to present his ideas before the play essentially commences thus allowing the audience to accept the moral of the play and be inclined to acknowledge the Communist message before the actual production begins. The singer appears to be symbolic of wisdom throughout the play; he narrates the fable in a lyrical and poetic fashion with metaphors that offers insight on the various characters feelings and clarification of the various scenes. The prologue appears historically accurate yet the initiation of Act One presents an entirely different mood; the singer causes his story to be perceived as a fairytale. By speaking in verse all realism is taken away and the audience is transported to a fabled world created by the singer. Though not announced, the Acts having titles emphasizes the storybook theme. The play commences with the singer seated on the floor surrounded by a group of listeners (the chorus) in his hand is a book, as he commences his tale he does not read from the book but rather narrates from memory "the manner of his recitation makes it clear that he has told his story over and over again.

Convocation: Better and Dr. Wilson

Convocation 2012 Response Paper Quam Onigbanjo As students poured inside of the auditorium, and the Morgan State alumni and faculty made their entrance, the first convocation of the 2012 school year began. The air was filled with peaceful music from the choir, as well as buzz of noise from the crowd. The aisles and staircases were packed with students trying to get seated near their friends. After most of the students were situated and the choir stopped singing, Dr. David Wilson began his introductory speech. Dr.Wilson began with greeting the new and or returning students and faculty. Then, Wilson starts to get into the depth of his speech by talking about how Morgan can, and is expanding into a generally better place. Wilson speaks of the newly built CBETS Building and about plans to build the Earl G. Graves business building. Wilson also talks about starting to improve the Jenkins building and softball fields. As Dr. Wilson spoke about the physical improvements that are planned for the campus, an aura of excitement came about the crowd.The part that seemed to excite the crowd the most was the announcement of the demolition of Montebello and the Soper library in order to create a new building that would take over Montebello’s duties. A general sense of pride filled the auditorium. The idea that Morgan was on its way to obtaining a better campus pleased everyone. As, a small HBCU in the middle of Baltimore city, Morgan’s campus does not compare to that of UMD College Park, which many students at Morgan would prefer to go to.However, it is clear that as Morgan is expanding into an even more beautiful campus, students and staff will be more confident in their school and will be encouraged to represent Morgan with some pride. As, the president continued his speech, the auditorium remained quiet with all eyes focused on him. Dr. Wilson then started talking about respect and conduct. This topic was guareanteed to come up as Morgan has been in the news is the past weeks due to a shooting in the student center. Dr.Wilson made a general message that was meant for everyone when he says to â€Å"respect yourself with the highest dignity and don’t accept things that go against who you are†, implying that you should have respect for yourself and one another in order to create a better environment for everyone. Due to the events in the past few weeks, Morgan’s name has been in the news for very bad reasons. These reasons were due to students at Morgan involved in murder and cannibalism, as well as stabbings and shootings.Although these events show a negative image to the outside world about Morgan State University, it is understood that Morgan is a school that is advancing and on its way to being a prestigious college. As a closing remark, Dr. Wilson wanted his staff and students to know that everyone should conduct themselves in the highest manner. This is to ensure that unfortunate events such as the ones that have occurred in the recent past do not occur again and that we as a university can restore our name contrary to what media portrays us.He closes his speech with encouraging his audience to find a deep respect for knowledge, learning, and education, as these should be the primary goals of any institution. After the choir sang the Alma Matter, a sense of inspiration seemed to have spread through the room as people were exiting the auditorium. The President has sent his message for the 2012 school year, which was to make Morgan a better place together.

The Role of Genetics in Modern Society Essay - 1014 Words

The Role of Genetics in Modern Society Genes by definition are information we inherit from our parents, they contain chromosomal information which codes for every physical and mental attribute a human, animal or plant has. Modern society has come to realise by finding the gene that causes the illness they can remove it. They then can insert the correct gene to replace it. Genes are arranged like beads on a piece of string, they occur in a fixed order. Modern day society has also realised that by learning about genes and increasing their understanding many useful tasks can be carried out. For example, solving crimes; if a suspect has been identified, a sample of that’s persons DNA can be checked†¦show more content†¦Genetic engineering is perhaps top of the media list in the medical/biological field. This (in very simple terms) involves swapping old genes for new ones. The topic already holds out hope for diabetes sufferers. 2 Having type 1 or 2 diabetes increases your risk for many serious complications. Some complications of diabetes type1 include: cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nerve damage (neuropathy), and kidney damage (nephropathy). Current medical protocol means sufferers rely on insulin injections, as the Langerhans cells in the pancreas no longer produce sufficient insulin. Genetic engineering allows for insulin to be taken from the pancreas of cows or pigs (although the product is impure and the body reacts with it). By locating the defective gene, which is no easy task. However, culturing and inserting the correct gene is a very re alistic and possible cure. A vaccine became available for the Hepatitis B virus in this manor given above. The Hepatitis B vaccination was discovered from the field of genetics. Massive quantities of Hepatitis B can be produced in a large fermentation vat where it’s bombarded with nutrients and is maintained at an optimum temperature for reproduction. This done by using an enzyme called saccharmyes. The harmless particles produced from this process can be producedShow MoreRelatedModern Food Biotechnology, Human Health And Development : An Evidence Based Stud1561 Words   |  7 PagesModern Food Biotechnology, Human Health and Development: An Evidence-Based Stud Food security is a recurrent issue in modern society due to the continual increase in human population. Most countries have invested in scientific research in order to bridge the disparity that is existent concerning demand and supply of food (Roberts 7). This clamour for food security has enhanced the development of dynamic biotechnological procedures that not only accentuate food production but also offer an opportunityRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Deviance And Eugenics1542 Words   |  7 PagesCONSTRUCTION OF DEVIANCE AND EUGENICS â€Æ' ABSTRACT In this paper I will be analyzing the social construct of deviance and the topic of Eugenics theoretically, and how this practice transitioned from being deviant back in the early 20th century to a modern technology that can be used to help parents have healthy children. I will use different scholarly sources to compare and review different positions in the theories used as they relate to the topic at hand.â€Æ' Geisy Cobas Sociology 443, Final PaperRead MoreAre Humans Still Evolving?1556 Words   |  7 Pagesin humans for millions of years; however, in a modern society many scientists and evolutionists are now debating whether or not it is still occurring, and if it follows the same rules. With all of the new technology humans have created, some experts believe that humans have essentially conquered nature, and no further evolutionary changes will occur. Still, others hold opposing views; some experts believe that evolution is still occurring, but modern societal advancements have changed the rules. TheseRead MoreGenealogy Is The Study Of One s Ancestry And Genetic History1393 Words   |  6 PagesGenealogy is the study of one’s ancestry and genetic history. It helps us appreciate our ancestor’s lives, which may have been seemingly insignificant at the time. Genealogy helps us understand our habits and physical features. It also explains the unique genetic variations casted within us, a nd depicts a picture of how the culture we practice today came to be, it is not just history of events but our biological history that shaped us. 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From this study, Lombroso coined the term atavism to suggest that criminality was the result of primitive urges that, in modern-day human throwbacks, survived the evolutionary process (Schmalleger, 2006). These studies led to the biological theory of the PositiveRead MoreEssay Technology in Our Society850 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology In Our Society No doubt, technology is increasingly important in the modern world. It is amazing how fast technology has been developed. Nearly every major advance was invented in the last century. These invention are always planned for a positive result, however the negative effects often do not become apparent until after the event. These effects will be deal in the following paragraphs with related materials. The text, Whose Life is it Anyway?, by Brian Clark, has clearly illustratedRead MoreMary B. Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesMany people believe, in the modern American society, that the purpose of an author is to provide society with deep, enthralling tales that capture the history, actions, or fantasies of humans. While this common conception maybe somewhat true, in reality, an author’s primary purpose is to write a tale that communicates a message of morals and beliefs for society to acknowledge. Born in the year of 1797, Mary Shelley proves to be one of the latter as she becomes a revered pioneer in the creation ofRead MoreCloning Process : Buccal Swabs Or Whole Blood Samples ( 2-5ml )1223 Words   |  5 Pagesto be possible, the cell membrane has to be made permeable, which is done by electroporation of cells (Masa, 2008) (5). Here the cells will be subjected to a high-voltage, this disrupts the cell membrane allowing the vector to become permeable. A genetic maker will be used to know if the cells will have successfully transformed. In many cases less than 1% of all the cells will take the vector. Hence, the maker becomes essential in this case. Since the plasmid used contains tetracycline resistant geneRead MoreEvolution And Development Within Our Society1256 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment within our society leaves one to ponder over one crucial thing: how will it all come crashing down? There are many elements around us that could lead to our own horrifying conclusion and it becomes a simple coin toss to decide our fate. But as many scientistic developments and fictional novels have foretold, the desperate search for the advancement of the human race itself can come as glimpse into the mystic future or possibly the end of us completely. Genetic mutations, at first a simple

Robert B. Reich s Saving Capitalism Essay - 952 Words

The United States of America was once renowned for and demarcated by the size and successfulness of its middle class. Currently, America faces a shrinking middle class and a new rising oligarchy that is creating the largest wealth disparity in eighty years. Robert B. Reich wrote Saving Capitalism: For the Many, Not the Few, for the sole purpose of exposing the reasons why the wealthy get wealthier and poor get poorer. Reich contends that the free market vs government debate serves as a means of distraction, covering up the real issues of the top one percent reaping economic gains. Reich states in the book that the â€Å"free market† is a myth that prevents us from examining the rule changes and questioning who they serve. Reich further states â€Å"it is no accident that those with disproportionate influence over these rules, who are the largest beneficiaries of how the rules have been designed and adapted, are also among the most passionate supporters of the â€Å"free mark et† and the most ardent advocates of the relative superiority of the market over the government.† Reich states that the market is dependent on â€Å"The five Building Blocks of Capitalism†: Property, Monopoly, Contract, Bankruptcy, and Enforcement. The government is in existence to control the free market and to ensure that each of these building blocks is clearly defined. They also are in charge of enforcing punishment in the situation that someone takes advantage of the market. This indicates that the problem is notShow MoreRelatedA Brief Examination Of Wealth Inequality1663 Words   |  7 Pageswealthiest 0.01%, a humungous jump can be seen when compared over time. In 1978, the richer household was 220 times wealthier than the average household. Today, the richer household is an astonishing 1,220 times wealthier than the average household. Robert Putnam, a Public Policy Professor at Harvard University said the following about the situation: â€Å"We’re moving toward an America that none of us has ever lived in, a world of two Americas, a completely economicall y divided country.† This may seemRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesAlnoor Bhimani CONTRIBUTORS 1. New measures in performance management Thomas Ahrens and Christopher S Chapman 2. Contract theory analysis of managerial accounting issues Stanley Baiman 3. Reframing management accounting practice: a diversity of perspectives Jane Baxter and Wai Fong Chua 4. Management accounting and digitization Alnoor Bhimani 5. The contingent design of performance measures Robert H. Chenhall 6. Integrated cost management Robin Cooper and Regine Slagmulder 7. Capital bugeting andRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle Hecht and Paul N. Edwards 271 8 A Century of Environmental Transitions †¢ Richard P. Tucker 315 About the Contributors †¢ 343 _ IN TR OD UC TIO N Michael Adas B y any of the customary measures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significanceRead MoreNotes18856 Words   |  76 Pagesusing it risked being severely punished or even expelled. In many ways, Western religion instilled submissiveness by  ­ tressing that s life on earth was temporary and best used for preparing for eternal life. To qualify for eternal life, one was taught to exercise Christian virtues of forgiveness, submissiveness, and patience. Humiliation and  ­ uffering, such s as were being endured by Africans during colonialism, were thought to be M04_KHAF1713_04_SE_C04.indd 102 1/18/12 10:30 AM Read MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesThe Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data Governance at InsuraCorp CASE STUDY I-6 H.H. Gregg’s Appliances, Inc.: Deciding on a New Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-7 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (B): Cleaning Up an Information Systems Debacle CASE STUDY II-1 Vendor-Managed Inventory at NIBCO CASE STUDY II-2 Real-Time Business Intelligence at Continental Airlines CASE STUDY II-3 Norfolk Southern Railway: The Business Intelligence

Values Are the Core Beliefs Upon Which the Organisation Is...

ORGANISATIONAL CORE VALUES An organisational value is â€Å"a belief that a specific mode of conduct is preferable to an opposite or contrary mode of conduct† according to Rokeach (1973, The Nature Of Human Values). We can think of them as representing frameworks for the way we do things. Some organisations think of their values as their â€Å"guiding beacon† directing the process of organisational development and growth. Others describe them as the components of their philosophy. They do relate to how organisations deal with their beliefs about people and work. They define nonnegotiable behaviours. More and more studies show that successful companies place a great deal of emphasis on their values. Any organisation which espouses particular values†¦show more content†¦Excellence Always doing what we say we will and striving for excellence and quality in everything we do. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   Quality will always delight the client whilst staying within budget limitations. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   If we g ive our word we keep it unless agreed otherwise by all parties. Commitment Working with urgency and commitment to be successful from individual and company perspectives. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   Timeframes are always met unless urgent circumstances mean we have to renegotiate new timeframes with all parties. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   Clients’ needs agreed within budgets are met regardless of personal wants. Ownership Taking ownership of our customers’ needs and being accountable for delivering friendly and professional service. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   We are each fully accountable for our work in gaining any possible repeat business with customers. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   We understand our customers’ business, prepare for all meetings with them Recognition Recognising and rewarding each others contributions and efforts. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   All individual successes are celebrated within the team. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   Assistance is thanked every time. Customer Service We enjoy their custom and so they deserve our service -timely, responsive, proactive, meeting their needs and aiming to delight. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   At every meeting with our customers we ask them what we could have done better, then implement their suggestions before we meet them again. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   Before any accounts are rendered, we check with our customers that they are sufficiently satisfied to pay the agreedShow MoreRelatedLush Fresh Handmade Cosmetics : The Maintenance Of Valued Resources1604 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-renewable resources. Issues with unsustainable practices are gaining more awareness within society and communities recently. This arising puts pressure on organisations to implement and integrate sustainable policies as part of their business culture to gain economic and cultural popularity against competitors. LUSH Cosmetics is an organisation that has particularly excelled and been overly successful in such practices. LUSH is a transnational corporation officially launched in May 1995 with 700 shopsRead MoreCase Study: Solution Eurasia International: Total Quality Management in the Shipping Industry1071 Words   |  5 Pagesembracing a culture of continuous improvement and by implementing Total Quality Management systems. The shipping industry was not alone in having regulation imposed upon it, but its distinctly international nature made ship managers, as cost-cutting practitioners, particular ly open to criticism. A ship management company’s very existence hinged upon its ability to convince ship-owners that it would preserve their valuable assets and maximize revenue-earning potential – demonstrating that its collective skillsRead MoreIkea Swot Analysis966 Words   |  4 Pagesresourced based view and value chain, which helps in giving the information that reveals the current position of the firm in the market. Further, these tools have been used to analyse Goldman Sachs. â€Å"A company which is a leading global financial services firm providing investment banking, securities and investment management services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net-worth individuals. Founded in 1869, the firm isRead MoreThe Eco $ Ave Project1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn the following essay I will critique the claim that The ECO$AVE project presents a useful value proposition and also present a brief evaluation of opportunities or otherwise, facing the ECO$AVE entrepreneurs. Value proposition is identical as competitive differentiation. It s the basis on which customers would purchase a company s product or service as contrasting to another s. If the company can put it through clearly and the customers and employees agree that it s correct, then the companyRead MoreTheories Are Reliable Or Not?3014 Words   |  13 PagesOrganisation culture is defined as a set of multiple values, some of which include expectations, philosophy and interactions with the outer world and how the organization approaches each of these aspects (BusinessDictionary, 2014). In this report we aim to explore three different theories regarding organisation culture and apply these theories to three businesses with different values and structures. We will go about this by using primary research we have gathered to make informed decisions on whatRead MoreCommunication Is Essential For Good Communication1473 Words   |  6 Pagesinquiry into failings at Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust (Francis, 2013, Department of Health, 2013, Hawthorn, Maureen 2015). In nursing, communication forms one of the ‘6Cs’ (Care, Compassion, Competence, Communication, Courage and Commitment) core competences integral in the execution of the profession (Royal College of Nursing 2015). The need for effective communication has been highlighted by high profile cases where unfortunately innocent young and old lives have been lost for example; failingsRead MoreInfluences of the Rationalist, Structuralist and Culturalist Theoretical Approaches on Comparative Politics1618 Words   |  7 PagesErsson, 1999: 23) - in order to determine the nature of political regimes. The study of comparative politics has come to be guided by three major research schools: rational choice theory, culturalist analysis and structuralist approaches; each of which spearhead a distinctive notion over what about institutions affects the nature of the political process. Rationalists are methodological individualists who assert that ‘collectivities have no status apart from the individuals who comprise them’ (LichbachRead MoreLiterature Review : Social Innovation Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review Social Innovation Developing any organisation which seeks to promote the way in which a social sphere operates, be it in the form of non-profits, social enterprises or any organisational structure, inevitably is an existential process, asking difficult questions around the nature of authentic, valuable social innovation. 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The essayRead MoreThe Constitutional And Statutory Bills Of Rights1626 Words   |  7 Pagesfocussed on rebutting the third criticism, which presents the idea that Australian democracy and the judiciary system will be undermined by granting the judiciary power in place of an elected parliament. Charleswo rth systematically breaks down this criticism by examining the â€Å"legislative human rights record†, the â€Å"distortion of the judicial role† the claim presents and by finally examining â€Å"eliding constitutional and statutory bills of rights†. The core purpose of the argument is to refute the claim

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne free essay sample

A study of the use of nature in the novel, The Scarlet Letter. The paper studies the theme of nature in the novel, focusing on it as a means to critique the effects of the Puritan beliefs and views on its people. The plot of the novel is reviewed in depth within this context. Nature, in the book The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is used as a means to critique the effects of the Puritan beliefs and views on its people. The author portrays the Puritans are a group of god fearing people whose theocracy forces their followers to follow strict commandments. The punishments for broken rules in the story are very severe by todays standards, and try to make examples of the sinners. The author also uses the nature of the earth to portray the multifaceted aspects of human nature. The main character, Hester Prynne, is faced with problems throughout her adult life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She bears an illegitimate daughter, Pearl, and is condemned by the Puritans. They force her to bear the mark of the scarlet letter as a punishment. She is not in touch with her true natural side and, therefore, cannot deal with her strife. Her daughter, on the other hand, is a child of nature, innocent and pure, and is not as affected by society. Throughout the book Pearl is described in terms of nature. She is wild and untamed, unlike her mother who must work very hard to be accepted in society. It is only when Hester is in a natural environment that she is able to confront and solve the problems caused by the people around her.

Abstract Expressionism Art Movement History free essay sample

Art Movement History By: Sharme Jackson Abstract Expressionism started in America as a post-World War II art movement. It was the first avant-garde art movement that arose from America. Never before in the history of art, the personality of an artist took such central stage and became both an inspiration and the subject of his/her own art. It is challenging to narrow down such multifaceted phenomenon as Abstract Expressionism, to distil the core of this intricate style. Any new phenomenon arises within a certain historical and cultural context. So in order to better understand the nature of Abstract Expressionism and reasons why it was formed in the United States and not it Europe, it is necessary to look at the environment in which it was originally fostered. One of the fundamental historical forces that shaped identity of the artists was World War II and The Holocaust in Europe. The fall of France in 1940 to Nazi occupation, forced many prominent artists to flee Europe and seek asylum in the United States. Because of this Europe had lost its creative â€Å"blood and soul† and consequently the ability to be the artistic Mecca of the world, thus causing the center of creative gravity being shifted to America. In 1945, the United States dropped the atomic bomb on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, introducing nuclear war which became the biggest and most powerful threat in the world. The level and immediacy of the destruction it caused affected the world on global and personal levels. On the personal level, it produced an overwhelming sense of insecurity, displacement, and loss of identity. On the global level, it divided the world both geopolitically, socially, and culturally. The term â€Å"Abstract Expressionism† was used for the first time in Berlin, 1919 to describe the work of Wassily Kandinsky (an influential Russian painter), but the Abstract Expressionism art movement erupted in the 1950’s and was the first American art movement to contribute to mainstream art. The group of artists called the Abstract Expressionists lived and worked in New York City in the 1940’s and 1950’s. With their aesthetic philosophy, and an activism fired by their desire to promote new, American way to paint, they changed the world of art. New York became the artist’s magnet city and Abstract Expressionism became the symbol of American freedom in the early years of the Cold War. The movement was a huge breakthrough with transitional art, representing true personal expression through the neglection of representations and figurative painting. It was symbolic and commented on free-speech, individuality and freedom to take risks. Many of the artists that were part of this movement began in the 1930’s. This was at the time after the great depression and the government had instated relief programs, which helped unemployed Americans and let many of these artists begin a career in art. Abstract Expressionism never became a unified movement with one clear and precise manifesto, but rather a small group of loosely affiliated artists. Not all of the artists associated with the term produced either purely abstract or purely Expressionist work, but would sometimes delve into more realistic portrayals of objects or people. However, their exploration was thoroughly grounded in a study of older artistic styles and techniques, and many of the artists’ in the group were attracted to ancient myth and symbols. Some of the leading names of that generation were Barnett Newman (1905-1970), Mark Rothko (1903-1970), Jackson Pollock (1912-1956), Willem De Kooning (1904-1997), Franz Klein (1910-1962), and Lee Krasner (1908-1984). These artists employed different styles of painting following their varying aspirations. The key unifying factor for all the artists was their exploration of the avant-garde of abstraction. Besides such avant-garde approach to the purpose and form of the art, the techniques of its pictorial representation were no less revolutionary. The artists of Abstract Expressionism often felt uneasy with traditional subjects and styles. They had similar morally loaded themes, often heavyweight and tragic, on a gray scale. In contrast to the themes of Social Realism and regional life that characterized American art of previous decades, Abstract Expressionists valued, above all, individuality and spontaneous improvisation. They felt ill at ease with conventional subjects and styles, neither of which could adequately convey their new vision. Some unique and compelling qualities of American expression included boldness of imagery, directness of technique, stress on the material physicality of medium and surface, and sincerity of statement. Even though the work may have seemed spontaneous, abstract artists employed highly calculated methods. Originality was the driving force behind Abstract Expressionist work. The intention was for the work to wholly and absolutely speak for itself. Artists wanted each painting to hold its own emotional space, instantly transferring the emotional and psychological condition of the artist as it was made. They were doing away with the idea of painting as a window into another world, or a representation of reality. Rather, they embraced the â€Å"action† of painting, paint for paints’ sake, and didn’t try to make the canvas look like anything but canvas. Each artist had his or her own distinct style, philosophy, and persona. The Expressionists valued the Surrealist style because it revealed the action of the dreaming mind and valued accidental and the involuntary. They also valued the American Surrealists’ sense of mission for their belief that art and life was inseparable. Abstract Expressionism had many artists’ that contributed to its’ development which was divided into two sub-categories: Action Painting and Chromatic Painting. Action painting used a variety of spontaneous techniques that randomly splashed, dripped, dabbed, smeared, and even flung paint on to the surface of the canvas. These energetic techniques depended on broad gestures directed by the artist’s sense of control interacting with chance or random occurrences. For this reason, Action Painting is also referred to as â€Å"Gestural Painting†. Chromatic Painting used a variety of colors ranging from bright vibrant and violent colors to dark or dull colors. Each color having a specific purpose and/or meaning to which they were placed in the work. In closing, Abstract Expressionist art is not easy to understand at one glance: these works require close-up viewing, and thought, and often some knowledge of each artist’s intentions. The works created by the Abstract Expressionists’ can be seen as records of the process of painting itself. For them, the canvas was an arena in which to act, rather than a space on which to reproduce, redesign, or analyze an object. What went on the canvas was not a picture but an event. The artists turned to their own private visions and insights in an anxious search for psychic self-expression, art that seemed created out of emotion, conviction about their mission, and rejection by the official art world. Abstract Expressionism has been a phenomenal construction in the development of art from its conception all through to the modern art work. Few would argue that the paintings and sculptures that emerged from the Abstract Expressionism movement was the foremost artistic phenomenon of its time. By the 1960’s the movement’s initial affect had been assimilated, yet its methods and proponents remained highly influential in art, affecting profoundly the work of many artists who followed. It is evident that the Abstract Expressionism art movement has played a significant role in defining the development of the modern art. All the art movements of the 1960’s were Tachisme, Color Field painting, Lyrical Abstraction, Fluxus, Pop Art, Minimalism, Post-minimalism, and Neo-Expressionism, all of which would be influenced by Abstract Expressionism. In the same way that manned flight and other technological breakthroughs embody the intellectual achievement and adventurous outlook of the twentieth century, so too does the abstraction.